Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Management Studies

In recent years, the globalization of markets, the intensity of competition and the evolution of technology have forced companies to rationalize their management practices. Two main consequences arise: First, the emergence of new forms of organization, in particular project-based organization (PBO), denouncing the principles of scientific management. Second, the emergence of competence management has become an essential factor in the modernization of human resources management. This study aimed to understand how the relationship between PBO and competence management is effectively achieved. To this end, a qualitative research was conducted within Tunisian companies operating in different sectors of activity. The results show that recruitment and evaluation are two essential practices at the service of PBO and competence management. The results provide managers with a better understanding of the competence management in the PBOs.