Socioeconomic characteristics, profitability, and contribution of shea butter processing to rural household income in Kwara State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study assessed the contribution of shea butter processing to income generation among rural dwellers in Kwara State, Nigeria. It examined the socioeconomic characteristics of processors, determined profitability, identified factors influencing income, and investigated constraints faced by processors. A multistage sampling technique was used to select Ifelodun and Kaiama Local Government Areas of Kwara State. Ninety shea butter processors were selected using snowball sampling. Primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed with descriptive statistics, chi-square analysis, linear regression, and gross margin analysis. The mean age of respondents was 61 years, with an average household size of seven persons and processing experience of 42 years. About 54.4% were literate, while the average monthly income was ₦32,500. All respondents financed processing through personal savings. Shea butter processing was profitable, with a gross margin of ₦56.68. Age significantly influenced the processing method adopted. Major constraints included inadequate extension services and poor access to improved processing technologies. Shea butter processing is a viable and profitable rural livelihood activity with strong potential to enhance household income despite production constraints. Strengthening extension services, improving training, promoting improved technologies and support will increase productivity, reduce drudgery, and improve rural livelihoods.